making each lesson a pleasurable experience. It was a cautionary tale of a flight crew failing to compartmentalize their problems and adhere to the sterile cockpit rule. Unlike younger students, no law requires they attend school, they are paying for the training, and they expect the instructor to make wise use of their time, To manage time well, it is important that an instructor look at the time available and plan how to use the time to achieve the lesson goals. Pilot skill evaluations occur during the conduct of courses at FAA-approved schools, and teaching instructors should verify that learners meet the proficiency requirements prior to sending them for any stage check. The effectiveness of the instructional aid is critical for this process. Continental Flight 1943 was the only DC-9 to land gear up at KIAH in 1996. Likewise, it would be unfair to expect a maintenance student to safely and properly perform a compression check on an aircraft engine if the student received only e-learning, Along with the many types of e-learning, there are a variety of terms used to describe the educational use of the computer. Even though most aircraft are equipped with some sort of navigational system, instructors should teach students the basics of navigation. Some models are solid and show only the outline of the object they portray, while others can be manipulated or operated, Although a model may not be a realistic copy of an actual piece of equipment, it can be used effectively in explaining operating principles of various types of equipment. Since the material projected requires no special preparation, the cost is very low. This critique helps the instructor judge the adequacy of supporting materials and visual aids, as well as the presentation. A major shortcoming of test preparation materials is that the emphasis is on rote learning, which is the lowest of all levels of learning, Test preparation materials, as well as instructors, that dwell on teaching the test are shortchanging student applicants. The instructor must determine the method to be used in developing the subject matter. Rehearsals, or dry runs, help smooth out the mechanics of using notes, visual aids, and other instructional devices. If the applicant has a medical condition affecting his or her ability to demonstrate that he or she meets the FAA AELS, the flight instructor discontinues the process and refers the individual to the FSDO and the appropriate FAA medical Some of these include study guides, exercise books, course outlines, and syllabi. For example, it would be possible for a technicians eyes to easily move back and forth from computer-generated technical data to the actual hardware while diagnosing and correcting a maintenance problem, Trends in training indicate a shift from the typical classroom to more extensive use of a lab-type environment with computer work or study stations. Ac lectus vel risus suscipit sit amet hendrerit a venenatis. The pure lecture format also inhibits student participation. This is necessary to be certain a student is on track with the training syllabus. The instructor should not, however, use substandard English. Before using a global positioning system (GPS) as the sole means of navigation, students should be taught the basics, Under each main point in a lesson, the subordinate points should lead naturally from one to another. However, use of standardized materials, including a syllabus, is recommended. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by; list all ssis packages in ssisdb catalog a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. If possible, the instructor should have another knowledgeable person, preferably another instructor, observe the practice sessions and act as a critic. For example, the instructor may talk about an occurrence where the knowledge in the lesson was applied. Remember, the computer has no way of knowing when a student is having difficulty, and it will always be the responsibility of the instructor to provide monitoring and oversight of student progress and to intervene when necessary, Real interactivity with CAL means the student is fully engaged with the instruction by doing something meaningful which makes the subject of study come alive. With a briefing, the speaker presents a concise array of facts to the listeners who normally do not expect elaboration of supporting material. It can be made immediately after the discussion of each learning outcome to bring ideas together and help in transition, showing how the ideas developed by the group relate to and support the idea discussed. Consider the opening scenario in which Bob arrived early for the class and ensured the classroom was well lit, the desks in order, and that the room presented a neat overall appearance. By using dynamic and meaningful scenarios, the instructor teaches the student how to gather information and make informed, safe, and timely decisions, Decision-based training is not a new concept. For example, Bob lectures in the opening scenario, but after giving the students knowledge of how to compute weight and balance, he uses group learning to reinforce the lecture. CDs and DVDs and the associated equipment, although more expensive than some of the more basic instructional aid equipment, are fairly economical. [Figure 4-2] This topic is discussed in detail in Chapter 5, Assessment, While many of the characteristics of effective instructors discussed in the previous paragraphs hold true for any instructor, the aviation instructor has the added responsibility of molding an aviation citizena pilot or maintenance technician the instructor feels confident will be an asset to the rest of the aviation community. The instructor also should carefully consider the class size and the depth of the presentation. Since most aviation training is at the understanding level of learning or higher, questions should require students to grasp concepts, explain similarities and differences, and to infer cause-and-effect relationships, Planning a guided discussion is similar to planning a lecture. First, it will familiarize flight instructors with the FITS program, including its history, objectives, methods, and future goals. Review and assessment are integral parts of each classroom, and/or flight lesson. Or the instructor may remind the students of an upcoming test on the material. During this research process, the instructor should also earmark reading material that appears to be especially appropriate as background material for students. Another example is dead reckoning, which forces pilots to be aware of there surroundings at all times. The behavior can be physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal." An increasingly popular form of teaching, the case study contains a story relative to the student that forces him or her to deal with situations encountered in real life, The instructor presents the case to the students who then analyze it, come to conclusions, and offer possible solutions. The body of the lecture follows with a summary of the lectures main points at the end, The teaching lecture is favored by aviation instructors because it allows some active participation by the students. In addition, e-learning often seems more enjoyable than learning from a regular classroom lecture. Sarcasm and/or ridicule should never be used, since they inhibit the spontaneity of the participants. In many cases, this type of supplemental training media may be reproduced in a format for projection on a screen or other clear surface, Charts, diagrams, and graphs include any printed material which gives information in tabular form. Second and perhaps most important, this module will provide instructors with the guidance needed to develop their own FITS-based training curricula. When required endorsements and recordkeeping provisions are designed into training syllabi, it is much easier, from the instructors standpoint, to conduct required training, track student progress, and certify records. Unlike other forms of projected material, CDs and DVDs can also be played on a laptop computer, On the other hand, CDs and DVDs offer their own disadvantages. It could be a private pilot certificate, an instrument rating, or an AMT certificate or rating. instead of "Would you expect an aircraft to require a longer takeoff run at Denver or at New Orleans?" Effective problems: Relate to the real world so students want to solve them, Are open ended and not limited to one correct answer, Are connected to previously learned knowledge as well as new knowledge, Risk management, ADM, automation management, situational awareness, and Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) awareness are the skills encompassed by HOTS. In many cases, these terms are used interchangeably, but there are important differences, A curriculum is a set of courses in an area of specialization offered by an educational institution. (Note that these same suggestions include many that are appropriate for planning cooperative learning, to be discussed later in the chapter. The instructor should remember that the more intense the discussion and the greater the participation, the more effective the learning. People skills are the ability to interact, talk, understand, empathize, and connect with people. Most projectors are bulky to handle and store, and the projector cooling fan may be noisy, Although vastly different from other projection equipment, the opaque projector reflects light from the surface of the picture or three-dimensional object onto a regular projection screen. A model is a copy of a real object. One cautionthe instructional aid should keep student attention on the subject; it should not be a distracting gimmick, Clearly, a major goal of all instruction is for the student to be able to retain as much knowledge of the subject as possible, especially the key points. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by June 14, 2022 June 14, 2022 For example, there are several types of lectures, such as the illustrated talk where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners. For the independent instructor setting, the instructor may need to select and prepare instructional aids. This complex process is enhanced by the use of appropriate instructional aids that highlight and emphasize the main points or concepts, The working or short-term memory functions are limited by both time and capacity. The established criteria or standards to determine whether the training has been adequate are the passing of knowledge and practical tests required by 14 CFR for the issuance of pilot certificates. Because improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft, SBT challenges the student or transitioning pilot with a variety of flight scenarios with the goal of reducing accidents. An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by. Learning assessment is another important skill of an effective instructor. Efforts in this area pay great dividends in terms of quality of instruction. However in the teaching lecture, the feedback is not nearly as obvious and is much harder to interpret. In preparing questions, the instructor should remember that the purpose is to stimulate discussion, not merely to get answers. In recent years, video (VHS, compact disks (CDs), digital video disks (DVDs), or computer files), and computer slide shows incorporating text, graphics, video, and animations, have pushed aside traditional training aids. Many scenarios were coupled to the maneuver until the student not only had the requisite skills, but also related them to many conditions where they would be needed. In the teaching lecture, the instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the classfacial expressions, manner of taking notes, and apparent interest or disinterest in the lesson. This method uses collaboration and can be modified for an interactive one-on-one learning situation such as an independent aviation instructor might encounter. [Figure 4-3] And, finally, a training course outline within a curriculum is the content of a particular course. Another use of computers would allow students to review procedures at their own pace while the instructor is involved in hands-on training with other students. The main advantages are less time spent on instruction compared to traditional classroom training, and higher levels of mastery and retention, Distance learning, or the use of electronic media to deliver instruction when the instructor and student are separated, is another advantage to e-learning. Criterion validity means that the completion standards for the test are reflective of acceptable standards, For example, in flight training, content validity is reflected by a particular maneuver closely mimicking a maneuver required in actual flight, such as the student pilot being able to recover from a power-off stall. Manage the daily maintenance efforts for 9 P-3C aircraft to meet short and long range flight tasking. Instructors should also try to prepare students for viewing CD/DVD programs by telling them what to watch carefully, what is important or, possibly, what is incorrect. [Figure 4-12] E-learning comes in many formats. Electronic information on computer networks and bulletin boards is from commercial providers, as well as community, state, and national government agencies. It is actually a learned capability, which may be defined as knowledge, a skill, or an attitude. For example, if the instructor realizes from puzzled expressions that a number of students fail to grasp an idea, that point can be further elaborated until the reactions of the students indicate they understand. In the opening scenario, students performed a task (weight and balance computation) as a group, and prior to terminating the performance phase, they were allowed to independently complete the task at least once with supervision and coaching as necessary, In this phase, the instructor judges student performance. A course of training also may be limited to something like the additional training required for operating high-performance airplanes, Other terms closely associated with a course of training include curriculum, syllabus, and training course outline. Here are examples of responsibilities from real flight instructor resumes representing typical tasks they are likely to perform in their roles. As sources for access to information expand, the possibilities for distance learning increases, While e-learning has many training advantages, it also has limitations which can include the lack of peer interaction and personal feedback, depending on what method of e-learning is used. If it is confusing to one person, it will be confusing to others and should be corrected, Criteria are the standards that measure the accomplishment of the objective. With advanced tracking features, CAL also can be used to test the students achievement, compare the results with past performance, and indicate the students weak or strong areas, For most aviation training, the computer should be thought of as a valuable instructional aidand entrusting an entire aviation training program to a computer is not practical. For the maintenance instructor, this may mean monitoring the replacement of a carburetor. In brief, the introduction is made up of three elements: attention, motivation, and an overview of what is to be covered, The purpose of the attention element is to focus each students attention on the lesson. These slide shows can be only bulleted information or incorporate animation and video clips. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. The instructors tools are teaching methods. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability bywho killed dr john yelenic. That may mean the instructor needs to initiate leading questions, referee if the discussions cause conflict, ensure that all students participate, and at the end summarize what has been learned, Tying the discussion method into the lecture method not only provides active student participation, it also allows students to develop higher order thinking skills (HOTS). A relay question is asked by a learner and the instructor requests another student to respond, Questions are so much a part of teaching that they are often taken for granted. By symbolizing the factors involved, it is even possible to visualize abstract relationships, Instructors are frequently asked to teach more and more in a smaller time frame. The instructor must logically organize the material to show the relationships of the main points. In general, if a two-dimensional representation will satisfy the instructors requirement, it should be used, Test preparation material applies to an array of paper, video, and computer software products that are designed by commercial publishers to help student applicants prepare for FAA tests. In addition, they can be drawn on a chalk or marker board and can be duplicated. By listing the criteria for the training objectives, the instructor has already established the completion standards normally included as part of the lesson plan, Use of training objectives also provides the student with a better understanding of the big picture, as well as knowledge of what is expected. Once again, open-ended "what if" problems encourage the students an opportunity to develop HOTS, A case study is a written or oral account of a real world situation that contains a message that educates the student. These steps contribute to a positive learning environment, Another management skill that enhances the effectiveness of aviation instructors is supervision of the students. A syllabus is a summary or outline of a course of study that generally contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. Effective use of drill and practice revolves around knowing what skill is being developed. In teaching a skill, the instructor must convey to the students the precise actions they are to perform. As the discussion proceeds, the instructor may find it necessary to guide the direction to stimulate the students to explore the subject in greater depth or to encourage them to discuss the topic in more detail. The instructor acts as a facilitator to encourage discussion between students, In the guided discussion, learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions. As discussed in Chapter 1, Human Behavior, the average age of aviation students is 34 years old. It is also a good idea at this time to let students know whether or not questions during the lecture are welcomed. It is extremely expensive, and versions with a head-mounted display sometimes produce unfavorable side effects, For those engaged in aviation training, the challenge is staying abreast of technological changes that apply to training and adopting those that are the most useful and cost effective. For this instructor, effective management of the classroom promotes learning. Well- designed course outlines are especially useful to students because they list the key points and help students organize note taking during a lecture, Aviation instructors must cover a broad range of aeronautical knowledge and skill training for pilots and AMTs. It is important for instructors to remember: Technical knowledge is useless if the instructor fails to communicate it effectively, The two-way process of effective communication means actively listening to the student, as well as teaching him or her, In the previous scenario, Bob uses the guided group discussion period to listen to his students discuss the weight and balance problem. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. Whenever possible, the various parts should be labeled or colored to clarify relationships, Production and equipment costs are limiting factors to consider in developing and using models, mock-ups, and cutaways.
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