Dunstable School in Alberta, for example, has instituted policies that promote socially desirable behaviour. Critics such as Greig (2003) argue that single-sex settings reinforce traditional gender roles and stereotypes that encourage teachers to treat boys and girls differently. This group tended to care the least about schoolwork and did not participate in extracurricular activities. Plastic water bottles are banned from sale in schools in Ontario, for example, but there are no cases of students being excluded from activities for having them. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. The outer ring consists of implicit moral instruction, where students are provided with moral exemplars in more sophisticated ways, such as through the curriculum of history and literature. Raby (2005) further argues that school codes of conduct reflect middle-class, often White, and rather gendered values. Girls who were verbally abused by teachers during childhood were also less likely to finish high school (Brendgen et al. Variation and Formulas Completing a Portfolio, English Language Arts Streaming in Alberta, Mathematics is not the only subject that is streamed. 9 Best Secondary Socialization Examples (2023) - Helpful Such embedded practices are lining up, doing homework, taking tests, and being evaluated. Racialized students and those who have had previous conduct problems within schools are much more likely to drop out of school. Other perceived benefits of school uniforms, such as improved student achievement, improved self-esteem (particularly if less well-off students cannot afford the latest fashions), and the overall improvement of the learning environment (Pate 2006), have also been touted as rationales for implementation. In other words, they felt that they were more likely to receive disciplinary action for a rule infraction than White students. Academics as a group mostly consisted of brains who did well in their studies and extracurricular activities that were academically oriented. Attempts to attract more males to the teaching profession have also been suggested as a solution to the boy problem. With school teachers being almost exclusively female, the feminization of schoolingargument suggests that schools are a place where male interests are not cultivated. In order to address the boy problem, the Ontario Ministry of Education has created guides for improving boys literacy.8 Booklets called Me Read? Peer-rejected children, however, are not only aggressive children. The social phenomenon of mass attention being given to topics that appear to threaten the established social order; the underachievement of boys is an example. Standardized tests (discussed in Chapter 5) often exert considerable influence in allocating children into specific streams. That streaming has a positive effect on the academic attainment of high-ability groups has been documented by Ansalone (2001, 2003), although these gains are arguably at the expense of students in the lower-ability tracks (Sweet et al. Teachers are more than just a new person from whom the child must take direction; they influence the socialization of children in several ways. These labels are not easily shed and can have spillover effects into other areas of social interaction, such as peer relations and future teacher expectations (Jones 1972). When peer group relationships are positive, it is reasonable to assume that the school environment is a supportive and potentially enjoyable one. For example, we learn the importance of obeying authority and Lamb, Bigler, Riben, and Green (2009) have also found that if teachers teach children to confront and challenge sexist stereotypes, the results can decrease gender stereotyping behaviour, particularly in girls. Characteristics of children that may be perceived to threaten classroom management may attract negative attention from teachers. The findings suggest that at-risk children may be socialized into a cycle of negative interactions with teachers, which may not only contribute to their future delinquency but also reduce their academic performance. No Way! Single-sex schools have also been suggested as a solution to the boy problem. Greig (2003) argues that proponents of such arguments are engaged in a discussion that assumes that boys are in need of gender repair (Lingard and Douglas 1999). Jussim and Harber (2005) found that the expectations that teachers have about their students influenced how they behaved toward them. Schools and Socialization - Econlib The Safe Schools Act changed the policy to one of mandatory suspensions and expulsions and police involvement for particular rule infractions, provided that mitigating factors were taken into account. In Canada, research using data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth has found that the social climate within schools and classrooms has important effects on children who display early signs of behavioural problems. Blair and Sanford (2004) found in their study of boys in an elementary school in Alberta that boys strongly preferred reading materials that they could talk about with their friends. If students believe that their teacher has lower expectations of them, this can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy of low achievement. Smaller groups of friends exist within the school setting, and these peer groups often have names that suggest the lifestyle characteristics of the members (Sussman et al. When a student enters high school, the courses that he or she takes greatly influence the post-secondary options available to him or her upon graduation. A commitment to ones school and education; associated with protecting children from the influence of delinquent peers and reducing early aggression in young students. It was emphasized that children have to learn how to be students and that the teacher is largely in charge of not only subject-specific education, but also the teaching of morals and values. Table 6.1 highlights some major structural differences between the school and family setting. School board rules also prohibit vandalism, aggression, and racist, homophobic, sexual, and gender-biased speech. Children who are accepted by their peers tend to have a more safe school environment, while those who have been rejected by their peers are at a greater risk of targeted harassment and bullying (Wentzel and Looney 2006). School dress codes can be a particularly contentious topic, particularly when the dress code rules appear to be targeting particular groups and if they do not appear to be enforced fairly. Placing students in special education, for example, requires that students be labelled as formally needing specialized assistance in order to succeed with curricular expectations (Hibel, Farkas, and Morgan 2010). For example, in 2010, two Winnipeg teachers were under investigation after performing a sexually suggestive dirty dance at a high school dance competition. Students who wish to attend university need to take a certain set of academic courses, for example. The family still remains an important part of childrens socialization, even when they enter into school. But why would home schooled children be better socialized, as many American proponents have indicated? Although the mitigating factors clause was supposed to protect such students, the statistics indicated otherwise. What were the characteristics of popular students? The social learning that children undergo when they enter other social institutions, such as school. 2010). A dimension of socialization including the self-regulations of the body required of students to fit into the school environment, such as raising a hand or sitting still. A significant part of a teachers job is to evaluate students and, often, to decide if a student is best suited for a particular ability track. Teacher education suggests that tailoring into ability groups allows for teachers to best match the learning needs of students. Schools were not equipped to deal with students with social and emotional disabilities, and it was these very students who were disproportionately punished through the Safe Schools Act. As well, in such discussions, the impact that this would have on female students is rarely considered (Greig 2003). Children who withdraw from peer interactions also limit their ability to fit into their peer group (Coie and Kupersmidt 1983; Dodge 1983). They also tended to be popular. School sports are another area that can cultivate gender stereotypes. Girls are bullied for being unattractive, not being dressed fashionably, and being physically overdeveloped (Shakeshaft and Barber 1995). Agents of socialization are the social structures in which socialization occurs. 1.3: Methods of Socialization - Social Sci LibreTexts Primary socializationoccurs within the family and is where children first learn their own individual identity, acquire language, and develop cognitive skills. Girls who wear tank tops and are reprimanded are at risk of being deemed immoral or slutty, and boys who violate certain rules aimed at them may be labelled gangsters. Pomerantz argues that implicit in many of the dress code discourses is the message that it is a females moral duty to keep herself covered. Other agents of socialization within the school were also discussed. In school, the peer group is typically a childs classmates in younger years and then becomes more specific to particular adolescent subgroups in the teenage years. What are Brints three zones of socialization? Box 6.1 Teaching Morality through Example and through Curriculum, Do students look at teachers as moral exemplars? Not all post-secondary institutions, however, accept ELA 30-2 for entry. Therefore, social features of the school can serve to reverse delinquent behaviours. The physical and emotional abuse experienced by children from other childrenotherwise known as bullying. The socialization of students through the use of school rules, including dress codes and uniforms, was also addressed. They were more likely to be found in social service, health, and creative occupations, and were more likely to report participating in cultural and group activities than those who were not home schooled. Victim characteristics also differ by gender, as male victims are often not tough (Shakeshaft and Barber 1995). WebSocialization is the cultural process of learning to participate in a social group. The deviants category encapsulated a very diverse collection of peer groups including burnouts, stoners, skaters, rebels, punks, partiers, and various alternative groups (including those defined by sexual orientation). Our peer group is also important because typically our peers share the same interest which lays foundation for support and socialization amongst the group. As discussed later in this chapter, school rules and school codes of conduct are essential features of schools that frame behaviours in a manner such that they produce obedience to authority. The staff keep track of who is earning the bears, and perhaps more importantly, who is not. How do they contribute to student socialization? Opponents of streaming note that those from disadvantaged and working-class backgrounds are disproportionately found in the vocational stream (Cheung 2007; Davies and Guppy 2006). Schools socialize children by teaching them their formal curricula but also a hidden curriculum that imparts the cultural values of the society in which the schools are found. One of these values is the need to respect authority, as evidenced by these children standing in line. Their role in guiding the moral development of children, however, is often not simply limited to setting a good example. The rationale behind introducing school uniforms was that standardizing wardrobes would make it impossible for students to wear clothes reflecting gang affiliation and the presence of intruders within schools would be easier to identify as they would stand out in a sea of uniforms. Other agents of socialization are family, peers, religion, work, media, internet, and social media. Less overt ways of instilling values through curricular practices are also found in citizenship education, which teaches students about being good citizens. Citizenship education is present in the primary and secondary curricula of all Canadian provinces and territories (Evans 2006). 50 Examples of Socializing - Simplicable 7 & 10(Accessed March 2012). It has been found that peer abuse results in low self-esteem and depression (Boulton and Underwood 1993; Rigby and Slee 1995; Salmon and James 1998; Slee 1995; Smith and Myron-Wilson 1998), feelings of insecurity (Slee 1995), anxiety (Slee 1994), and social withdrawal (McCarthy 1997). School settings often place children in heterogeneous classes with large groups of children of the same age, where they participate in very specific school-oriented activities and events. Being presented with that curriculum is one way that children are socialized into becoming desirable members of the public. Currie and Kelly (2006) found that the popular girls in their study tended to be slim, dress in a sexy manner, and wear lots of makeup, according to non-popular girls. What role does school climate play in student socialization? The majority of these codes tend to focus on issues surrounding dress codes and behaviour toward other students, teachers, and staff, while some include zero tolerance policies. As discussed in Chapter 2, Millington, Vertinsky, Boyle, and Wilson (2008) studied physical education curriculum in a Vancouver high school. The term zero tolerance first gained popularity in the area of law enforcement in the United States. Home schooling advocates have argued that one reason might be that the school-based peer group is unnatural and that home schooling exposes young people to a wider variety of age groups, which makes them more socially mature (Smedley 1992). The findings of research on the impact of school uniforms on school safety has, in general, not supported the premise of reduced behavioural problems in students (Han 2010) or school achievement (Yeung 2009). Typically, socialization is thought of as something that happens to young people, but socialization occurs throughout ones lifetime. Respondents did, however, report some negative aspects of home schooling, which included the social stigma attached to being home schooled, social challenges of not being around other children regularly, the limits of the curriculum covered in their schooling, and the challenges of integrating into classroom settings later in life.12, 6.3 Major Forces of Socialization within Schools. Clubs, Fraternities, and Sororities. As noted earlier, at the core of these zones are school rules, to which we now turn. Their inability to behave in ways that are socially acceptable can have many causes, such as parenting styles and disciplinary techniques in the home (Putallaz and Heflin 1990). incorrect; in the context of education, the expectations that teachers have about their students influence how they behaved toward them, which in turn, influences students motivation and performance. Recall from Chapter 2 that Boudon discussed how secondary effectslike the aforementioned characteristicscan impact on educational attainment because they influence the types of educational choices made by a student and his or her family. Increasing the homogeneity of ability within a classroom also promotes better classroom management (Barakett and Cleghorn 2008). She notes that while dress code infractions for girls typically are focused on body containment (e.g., showing too much cleavage), for boys it is about containing ethnic or racial identities. The narrowing of standardized test scores between males and femalesand across countrieshowever, strongly points to the differences as being cultural constructions that are shifting as the result of changing norms of socialization (Penner 2008). Unless a child attended preschool or nursery, the structure and routines of the school day and the social relationships within the school setting must be entirely learned. Many researchers have called the reaction to perceived underachievement by boys a global moral panic (see, for example, Griffin 2000; Smith 2003; Weaver-Hightower 2003). In this instruction, children are taught desirable and undesirable virtues. An internal committee comprised of the principal, two students, and two teachers hear all infractions of the rules. 9. Many children arrive at school with behavioural problems and emotional needs that are not met in the family environment. A teacher, for example, is largely in charge of the student, but the relationship that a child has with a teacher is far less intimate than the relationship a child shares with his or her parents; A student must also adapt to spending a significant amount of time in large groups; A child must learn to be independent to achieve the academic goals of school; A child must also learn to form bonds and develop social bonds with other children in school; and. What kinds of topics do they discuss on their websites? Streaming is a topic that is hotly debated (Loveless 1999). Gender Socialization. The school setting is where the learning of the new role as a student occurs. Socialization is a twofold process occurring at both the social and individual levels that accomplish two main goals. You can help your child work on Recent immigrant youth may also be placed in lower tracks due to their English language skills, rather than their overall academic ability (Sweet et al. This is a community-based school that offers mentoring to marginalized children and youth. Of course, the socialization that results from primary socialization rests heavily upon the social class, ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds and attitudes of the family. Want to create or adapt books like this? Teachers, however, shape the socialization of students by other processes as well, which are discussed below. Justifications for student dress codes often centre on arguments about maintaining a desirable school image, respect of ones self and others, and preventing distractions (Raby 2010). Many schools across North America have official codes of conduct to be followed by teachers and students. The disadvantages experienced by Aboriginal children in Canadian schools may be at least partially driven by the self-fulfilling prophecy. This type of aggression is often simply referred to as meanness. Agents of Socialization: Definition & Examples - Simply Sociology As noted by Raby (2005), the language of school codes of conduct suggests that young people are seen to be incomplete, at risk, and in need of guidance, a position that legitimizes school rules and their enforcement (p. 73). Homeschooled children have stronger relationships with their parents and She notes that personal style is very much at the heart of social identities and how a girl presents her body is akin to her social skin. While Pomerantz was collecting her data between 2002 and 2003, there were two particular uniforms for girls at East Side Highthe Britney look and the JLo look, named after pop music icons Britney Spears and Jennifer Lopez, respectively. Meanness also includes such behaviours as name-calling, ridicule, sarcasm, and giving other girls the silent treatment. Research on girls meanness has found that middle-class girls more frequently participate in this type of aggression because it is within this social class that the rules of femininity are the least flexible. Such negative relationships can put students at risk for social maladjustment as well as emotional and behavioural problems. While the initial appeal of zero tolerance policies is that they theoretically apply the same punishment for rule infractions uniformly to everyone, the actual application of the policy does not appear to be so equitable. What reasons have parents given for home schooling their children? 4. What happens if teachers behave in ways that violate norms of morality? It is not surprising that some teachers interactions with disruptive students can be hostile and critical. In a study of 226 Canadian adults who had been home schooled as children, Van Pelt, Allison, and Allison (2009) explored how these individuals compared to a more general population of adult Canadians. The students of the school are typically those who have had little success at other high schools and are considered at risk. The school has only three major rules: (1) attendance is mandatory, (2) outreach work is mandatory, and (3) mind-altering substances are prohibited. All of these examples require the student to self-regulate his or her bodys physical actions in ways that the child may not have had to do in a family setting. This difference may be due to ethnic group membership, disability, physical attractiveness, or being a newcomer to the classroom (Asher et al. What Is Socialization All About? - ThoughtCo Infamous acts of school violence, such as the events at Columbine High School in 1999, led to increased concern about violence in schools, which resulted in the emergence of zero tolerance policies around school codes of conduct. 11. Streaming, seen this way, may therefore act to reproduce social inequalities by limiting post-secondary opportunities (Sweet et al. As more schools are trying to instill healthy eating habits and becoming more environmentally conscious, many have adopted rules that prohibit the bringing of certain products to school. WebFor example, a child whose parents value hard work may see a friends father sitting around watching television all day and begin to question the importance of work. The core also consists of embedded practices, which are manners of behaving that are not explicit rules but routine practices within schools that appear to be very natural and taken for granted. Moral education and character education are even found in some provinces curricula (Box 6.1).
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