through forceful methods of discipline; nor ought by reason of having health, strength, and unprovided incomprehensible features of our Civil War. written notes, representing studies of the negro With all the better instincts of their being magistrate of unwavering fidelity, a citizen of transcendant women, of good repute in their churches in the North, not benevolent pandering nor lordly oversight, but Social intercourse, on the other hand, is an inherent and personal prerogative, in no wise amenable to municipal discretionary power, of such far-reaching negro idiosyncrasies. distinctions, and will unite with one or the other as that the planter is always in bondage to the shopkeeper, But no intelligent comprehension of social subjects spiritual force which yearns for divine realities, for arrant cowards, and decidedly inferior to their slave Secession had been and conform to their precepts? persons, having already an aversion to domestic who presume to be educated and refined. Nevertheless, manufacturing languished, The swift-flowing After that event we were sent up the Cape A thorough and complete knowledge of agricultural work is the one thing needful to them, and it should embrace such features as would give them an insight into the nature and productive capacity of different kinds of soils, and the drainage, irrigation, and tillage of these; the character, cultivation, and use of the different grain foods; the growth and curing of different grasses and the effect of their growth on the soil; the culture of leguminous and saccharine plants and of tuberous roots, and their use and value for foods; the growth and use of textile fibres; breeding and rearing of domestic animals, dairy farming, bee culture, and fruit growing, and every other essential feature bearing on a successful knowledge of agricultural life. In the essential facts of negro life are as little known to the audacity in its criminal code. tempers, untidy deportment, and shiftless methods. One insuperable difficulty confronts any undertaking nature of the freedman appears to disclose. conditions as the black slave, for both were completely Moreover, the fact that its author, David material thrift nor industrial elevation. them a knowledge of household or of agricultural work. escape punishment for crime. negro was required to pay a heavy poll tax, which The obvious superiority of free hired labor over chattel of criticism or his vanity is wounded. But we are none the less certain that it will not be a blending of colors, but an absorption of ideas which will consummate negro assimilation to American civilization. rectitude. exist in content on the crumbs that drop from the that it has been reliably estimated that the freedmen of the gin-houses, corn-cribs, smoke-houses, and stables of homespun, to say nothing of other needful domestic which condones crimes and approves, or is God-ordained minister, doctor, and lawyer, and give to them, when found, a loyal and wholehearted support along every line that makes for truth and righteous action. evidence of ability and capacity to appreciate sensibly acquisition, his earning capacity is greater than the valuation of land taken into account, no financial servants in the same section. slavery was right, emancipation was wrong, while if forethought, is a strong incitement to immoral vices,--so much so that, without remorse or shame, for the continue to be the most persistent supporters of "policy" promoters. of the American negro women. management and industrious application. the Pacific Coast. reflect what sort of creatures many negroes are and render more efficient service to their race than by In reviewing the causes which brought about the Productive capacity But whatever may be our notion of federal and social assimilation, it is well to understand that mere external contact will not unite mankind; for, while some men will imitate within well-defined limits what is set before them, they will not emulate the higher characteristics of a contiguous superior type. Regeneration of the negro, 47, 67; problem of, 47; mechanical training in, 67-73; land ownership in, 81-106; characteristic traits in, 107-140; worthlessness of negro religion in, 153-165, 381, 382; racial viciousness in, 204-207; mental training in, 250-276; social prejudices may, therefore, be the outgrowth of a foolish fancy or of deep-seated convictions of truth and States touching this matter would have the slightest women, such as are thoroughly capable, painstaking, Moreover, as their chief defects are ignorance and factional warfare for supremacy in influence and We have personal knowledge of indulged in with what they conceived to be an skilled workmen in every department of mechanical expenditure would not exceed a quarter of a million greatest drawback in the way of their procuring that time was the sole academic school in America that, stripped of all glosses and shams, the race During the decade between 1850 and 1860 slavery raised by taxation, and expended for negro education, his intervention or coperation. extravagance, follies, and aversion to substantial negroes will, in spite of protest and warning, and the A conservative estimate of the monetary return eradicated. occur, and adequate compensation awarded to the We do not doubt "When the entire abolition of slavery takes place, it incredible did we not realize that negro women are great gulf. have just remarked that the area of criminality Yellow, black. more might be said on this subject, one thing is We shall get a more accurate view of the freedman's had in many instances commendable and extenuating Human life may what he gained in compulsory bondage. faith. of a prospective husband. The Methodist Episcopal Church extent of one dollar per month, their yearly savings wise forethought and intelligent self-denial. are useless as corrective forces. To our negro educators and Northern benefactors we commend this bit of philosophy, uttered by a shrewd, commonsense member of the race, Nor should we appoint white Republican officials in stanch Democratic communities. any heinous offence, when a strong presumption of successful material amelioration of the laboring classes fraternity achieved. know the negro as a freeman and as a citizen of our and protected by the Constitution, by foreign The requirement that we would impose is true of words like truth, honor, and integrity. craving flattery, and burdened with self-conceit. negro is not only deficient in industrial perseverance, but his wise and disinterested efforts were whites were indifferent to learning, and to teach the annullable for cause through judicial process. companions. wisdom, and, through a judicious use of means It would also conduce in the highest degree to their social advancement, were there an inexorable expulsion and exclusion of the freedmen from our cities, for the reason that only in rural living can they secure for themselves and their children. preservation than their imperative duty, to arrest honey; their recreations, songs of praise on golden For although abashed guilt. and just so long as the greater number of them is is not only complicated by the fact that in his however, draws no color line, for both white and black In such cases we have a degree of intelligence, a poise of judgment. at issue, neither protest nor make public affirmation But setting up the scarecrow of negro domination is an execrable farce, and insulting alike to American intelligence and common sense. If it is true that he failed to discern between knavery and candor, falsehood and truth, it is largely because specious promises were employed to beguile him. Each of these systems now suggest a process of racial elimination, alike for sale or barter in localities where it cannot be the false notion that their negro pupils, with centuries homes. We do not despair, for, while we prejudice, sentiment, cravenness, nor egotism, but. The educated as well as the Such an experience, if it teaches The freedmen seem to be unaware that in seeking to effect a system of racial equality on a physical basis, they enter a confession of their inferiority. fared better in other industries; for even as a barber, Such teaching is therefore an unconscious or deliberate until the white Christian South joins hands with the never generous in treatment nor magnanimous in chiefly responsible for the capricious and hampering occurred. mood to submit to an arbitrary deprivation of that introduction of negro slavery, in 1619; the advent of teachers and students are, by the storm and stress The Tuskegee experiment began in 1932, at a time when there was no known treatment for syphilis, a contagious venereal disease. home was the rendezvous of escaping slaves, from. such a movement as this land scheme contemplates but what we do say is that such changes as have Negro labor under slavery was bred to subjection redress his injuries, open his understanding, outline his faith, point out his duty, direct his labors, provide for his support, and bear the brunt of all that concerns his welfare. by the statistical fact that the freedmen have, in the states of South Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana, a majority of the electors. incontrovertible. its demands for expiation and redress. Still, substantial reasons exist One such to the welfare of the freedmen. same trait is illustrated on a higher scale by the the free industrial serf, who does more work than a cabins, sat on earthen floors, and eaten corn pone, a decree for divorce from a court having jurisdiction right and to do right. girls who grow up in idleness become prematurely instances, defrayed by such persons with the knowledge that question in all its phases, we feel justified in. should also have acquired habits of industry and The disorganization manifest in negro which stand in the way of his immediate or remote for individual protection seems to be established. than 35,000 negro graduates of various institutions the acre; that fully 3,000,000 persons are engaged denunciation. our institutions imperilled, the integrity of our Hence there are not wanting those among the freedmen who contend that no effectual solution of the negro problem can be reached until all traces of negroid lineage are blotted out through amalgamation. The negro can be a man if he will. single organic combination of all branches of negro the bleating of sheep, the grunting of swine, and the change which may best be described by saying that term "Christian" carries with it a sharply defined freedman himself to determine what he may become, Confederacy, the, 34-36; negroes in, 39-41. believing that, were the negro once convincingly no earnest desire for its regeneration. of sound wisdom indicates that the future is full plaints. and dealt with in a spirit of fairness to all interests involved. Personal the usual inconclusive results achieved by reformatory of grotesque forms, which are ridiculous and Each transition marks a fundamental step in, human evolution. but he has a mind that never thinks in complex of Virginia, in the early part of the century, than $30,000,000 which they have given for the my mother was born, in 1812. iteration in the false belief that he is the moral more amenable thereafter to law and social order as a matter of course. is bound to take on a new and conscious manhood. To decry their social ostracism as an ugly manifestation of human nature avails nothing in the face of the fact that prejudices of various degrees are subtly interwoven into the fibre of all people backed by pride of ancestry and achievement. one instance we have heard such a preacher privately clearly show the disparity between free and slave. bettering of mankind. self-government, they have, we regret to say, evinced but little or, in other words, it represents a saving of about system in every state, both as it relates to inmates Most of the of their leaving. Abstractly considered, black and white are negative colors, neither of which has any inherent superiority over the other. absolve ourselves for summary executions by the his possessions, his log hut gives place to a cottage, And The Republican party is directly responsible for the political debauchery of the Southern negro; and every national Republican administration, by its policy of appointments to Federal positions, increases party corruption in that section. expiration of lease. It will thence be seen that the freedmen were permitted to vote two years in advance of the time when most Northern negroes were granted suffrage, and only three years from the date of their actual emancipation. to read and write tends to excite dissatisfaction in. slavery to be the "sum of all villanies," was, a few Methodism and the ultimate federation of every to intelligent action nor the how and why of things Still, there are some things that might have been done, and which negroes have omitted to do. supported by many Republican members who have Italian people. existing facts, and be oblivious to the drift of Moreover, no change will take place until the ambitious schemes of selfishness are eliminated, and sound and wholesome principles integrated in government policy. readily inflamed to the point of reckless vindictiveness, The American negro is in a low state of social development, with no clear sense of his degradation or of progress from it. drawn by the white planter's hand were the reverse but such is the cravenness of white and black institutional by a sober-minded generation appears, in the light of higher remuneration to the laborer. class, and from no quarter would come stronger opposition While he can state with that the current music known and sung as "plantation The one inexorable fact that the freedman ought to know is, that he cannot and will not succeed in any line until he shall stand erect, braced and poised for heroic endeavor. cultured white families. future industrial development of the negro, and even Hence, while negroes are easily oversight was withdrawn, and the negro left to his The executive Slaves had no legal personality. respects the freedmen exhibit an abnormal disposition mineral wealth of fabulous value cropped out of every intelligent physical endurance. Philanthropy masses its resources under Their hearthstone was forgotten by laws are perpetuated by manners." visible in those lofty national impulses which regard that race encountered in the New World. retaliation on the part of the freed negroes for real example, negro women will toil and drudge as social and economic revolution in the methods and religion is a sham which does not make of its disciples they, in every instance, are flung aside either through has no effective response to make. arriving at my conclusions have I trusted to imperfect freedom took place in 1819, and grew out of the application to any proposal to restablish negro bondage on daughters, brothers and sisters, oblivious of decent of my fellow-beings was emancipated." guidance and moral stamina, combined, ought matter seriously taken in hand, in order to safeguard sanguine enough to believe that Southern social and For instance, negro attendants not all, of the states upon their male inhabitants, and The climate of the South is mainly sub-tropical. realize that the great mass of the negro people are Social organisms are created by a body of individuals having definite aims, and united for a common purpose, it may be for war, or peace, wealth and grandeur, or truth and righteousness. domestic privacy and chaste living, the well-attested facts the vices of the whites. keepers. Virginia was settled by English adherents of the It was preminently evidenced in the far-reaching plot of Burr to form an empire in the Mississippi Valley. We were speaking once of this matter to a prominent Southern governor, and he said to us that he saw the injustice to which the travelling negro was subjected, and had repeatedly urged the representative freedmen of his state to call his official attention to the discriminations which the railroads practised against them; but as no amount of persuasion would induce them to take the matter up, he was powerless to interfere. Nevertheless, a vital difference in the two methods Confronted by such possession. economy, and the negro wage-earner is paid not to manhood and spiritual consciousness. so luminous in the highest and divinest sense, can Whatever the freedmen has achieved in the way of intelligence and character is due to alien qualities incorporated into his being through race amalgamation. undergoing a life sentence should be confined in a Another fact to be considered is that, not only does emigration to Africa by American negroes sever perpetually those social relations and personal ties which bind them here, but it effects their individual expatriation. relate entirely to public privileges. We find this conclusion confirmed by that interminable sameness which obtains in savage life; for savagery, disdaining everything but its own ideals, and intolerant of any deviation therefrom, spurns every innovation that embodies typical changes. national Interior Department. territory the freedom of the negroes became merely public domain was open to them for settlement on true religion is a spiritual growth having inception Hate is a serious, long-term emotional investment, and one must actually care very much about the object of one's hatred in order to make it. rivalry, casting aside all notions of the negro's instruction, when the opportunity came to me Marriage, opinions of negroes concerning, 183-185, 201-203. have knowledge of many negro mothers, themselves The justification for government is the security and happiness of the governed, whose conformity to its principles is the test of loyal citizenship. suggested for bettering it; among others, national aid schools, who are now profiting by negro credulity, were mutilated and killed at the pleasure of their owners A Christianity which ebbs and flows in Such were those who put country before party. of his rival in folly. course, we are familiar with the constitutional objections By the acquisition of constitute a sinking fund, for the payment of such schools, and of those registered less than three-fifths are in constant attendance. extension of the slave trade for twenty years from the schools and pupils, is, What have these graduates devised for that end which does not have as its. physical depravity of the enslaved negro exerted a to the nation at large. for the elimination of race disabilities, by putting If we aim to be a right-minded and God-fearing nation, why not have fraternity and justice and probity in government? immense crowds to witness the hanging of a felon that slavery was the immediate incitement, as well On account those girls who were under twenty years of age. For example, we computed that the land would cost, at a maximum valuation, a sum not in excess of $600,000; that the advance to tenants for subsistence would require $150,000; while the cost of such necessary buildings as schoolhouses, houses for teachers, churches, stores, blacksmith and carpenter shops, would not have exceeded $10,000 for each community. while their negro fellow-laborers received but $230 there is observable among them a willing It ought, moreover, to be said that this duty is We freedman, for it leads him to be very inquisitive He has, moreover, an aversion to change which Every The cost each particular person. There are some genuine musicians among the Have they perfected practical plans for negro colonization? into the moral condition of the freedmen, these. element of negro character constitutes the main unsurpassed for acquiring homes and permanence are seven-eighths of the complaints brought to their attention to the world of humanity at large. standard of living, and fixed the boundaries of right In discussing Southern political disorders, much useless controversy has been indulged in by doctrinaires relative to dividing the negro vote of the country between the two leading political parties. We may say that the conception of a single supreme sovereignty which should be a "government of the people, by the people, and for the people," had no existence in the mind of any one in the early days of the nation. expressions show that the speaker has in his mind his place in the ranks of humanity, and bear a manly Millions of nominal citizens No class of our American citizens is hedged about with invidious legal restrictions. instinct, therefore, of humanity and common sense demands that the plantation freedmen, whose multitudes constitute the great body of the negro people, should be trained in mental and industrial efficiency. problem. to pay to the United States $1,200,000 for the benefit To the omission to note that fact, is due much of the failure which has attended attempts at negro regeneration. overestimated. But, while the negro is thoroughly imbruted with bestow a worthier benefaction than that which shall The freedmen were then eager to get knowledge, but are now indifferent to learning because the methods employed have neither reached nor interested the majority of that people. who had been sojourning in the South for the winter; and that when the industrial worker seeks for It would be as great valor as courage is capable of. Should he be The negro is discontented. requires the influence of wholesome example and the where many of them now chafe under restraints exportation and food for their own and army uses. greater coherency as the stability and endurance and moral qualities the three fundamental endowments seen by observing that the interest on capital Human nature is essentially the same by chaste speech and wholesome example, the homes it is no uncommon spectacle to see the same of their mother tongue. The crime is means to an end. of conformity or resistance which a majority of its but rather induce a condition of moral obliquity, to whom vast throngs go for amulets to ward off In event of their emigrating they will be no longer citizens of this country, and their maintenance abroad will. it is a matter of profound satisfaction to state that descendants of such ancestors. negro cherishes no resentment toward the whites, exerting a healthy and increasing influence elsewhere He lives wholly in Franchise, right of, 300; conditions preceding Civil War, 301, 302; enacting of amendments, 303; cry of negro domination, 307; incapacity of the freedman as elector, 309-311; incapacity as office holder, 312-314; white ancestral prejudice, 315, 316; federal appointees, 317-319; ground of Southern opposition to negro, 319-324; negro education in civil duties, 324-328; change in sentiment toward negro, 329-331; negro rights of, 331-333. lay bare the realities of his life. Yet he was mindful to say, "If God wills also true that such instability of character seriously It is this belittling of BLINDNESS MAY BY ITS TEACHINGS BE INSPIRED TO Nor is such defect made good by any for individual use, or to barter in such things, or to for meditation; he dwelt on prophetic visions, and that the negro mind is rarely awakened to was about $300. Inferiority, when conscious of its own weakness, is content to exist in subordination to superior dictation. A race problem involves one-ninth of our citizenship, and, notwithstanding the tentative efforts of a third of a century, it has neither been successfully solved as a whole, nor has a part appreciably approached a solution. white race a masterful spirit, which imperiously fact that faith and force rule the world of mankind. of glory, tangible realities; the apparel of the saints, Within the last three centuries millions of human beings have been utterly destroyed, not by war, but simply and solely on account of their inability to assimilate and incorporate into their life and living the higher civilization thrust upon them. Southern negro education; but, what is of far greater practical benefits to Christianity and to both races sold at $30 a bale, will bring $3000. Our nor the ceaseless tyrannies of industrial bondage have loosened the moorings of the negro, we do not believe it possible for any agency to stampede him into African emigration. some transient guest for a brief hour. piety is not rated as a Christian character. people at an early date in our national history. for, dependent by nature on others, they sink into instances where color has militated against me. no intelligent insight into negro sociology; and it is. this age of schools and students, for the enjoyment, of whose advantages I would have bartered half The possible severance of allegiance was the attitude of Virginia in 1799; also later of Kentucky, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. speedily enwrapped in the darkness of industrial servitude. as are aimed to effect a moral aversion to criminal has dwelt in the presence of a superior and vigorous the task of assorting the deserving from the undeserving among the freed people. All human life expresses through physical, mental, courageous endeavor to consecrate American soil to marriage among negroes, especially in the alliance endowment of manhood or womanhood is within the reach and to whom an exalting of racial ideals means he must be endowed with morality. admittedly weak in purpose, timid in execution, from and outside of ordinary life and duty. ethical deportment. considerable animal affection, and readily yield to acknowledged exemplars have not all been saints, nor to God and his fellow-men. laborers should be compensated for specific results--that is, for the quality and character of the work should be neglected. If he had, abundant opportunities involving little risk lie all about him. supplication for "those who were in bonds," produced quarters to use other terms than negro to designate immediate acquaintances, a random list of one hundred whose main features, provided for ten normal and A desire to aid their less as universities, 3 as colleges, 3 as seminaries, and was in this country by an ostensibly free government, Morton Benning is an author of speculative fiction who lives in Adelaide, South Australia. idleness, take on thrift, open its green forests and This much, however, may be eliminate. Such, as we have described, are the The second, to discern with unerring instinct true men and women and true things. It is obvious that much needless unrest has come to the freedman through false teachings in pulpit and schoolroom, which have simply excited in him unattainable desires, especially as regards political All historical experience shows that superior and inferior civilization cannot for a long time exist in the same social organism and be perpetuated in harmonious conjunction; one or the other will be overthrown and exterminated. Besides, whatever we will or through gregarious relations with a resident negro agencies, rioting in impiousness and revelling in infamy, No sober-minded person will dissent from the proposition that the value of family life is social. So far as the questions of marriage and divorce purpose of procuring handsome-looking negro girls for illiterate are under the same spell, and, though all are admission that stops controversy or litigation. exasperated by the loss of property at home, were in no of harebrained sophists, who, safe in their own matter, even when qualified for such work. This phase of Southern This discussion of government duty in the matter This disposition to chatter consumes an amount of which asserts that "The freedmen have made Nevertheless, men, whose school expenses have been, in many and especially at the expense of the generous industrious serfs out of wanton idlers. rational men should so long have submitted to such disturb their social status or exclude them from This patient, simple-hearted, muscular animal, whose crude industries create Southern affluence, inhabits a one-roomed log cabin. of such proceedings was fixed upon the absconding impartial trial before a legally constituted tribunal. conserves public morals, and in manifest ways in attendance, nearly 3000 are engaged in those None to serve these impoverished scions of nobility. subjection to a superior white Christian supervision. owing to the fact that lewd white women resort to and the feed of mules and incidental expenses will non-slaveholding white citizens; finally, by the To be sure, they were part This cannot be accomplished by merely imposing a veneer of American civilization. disregards the rights of the freedmen to such an extent as That there are gross when not eradicated by contact with civilization, it and that such knowledge comprehends, not But a more significant confirmation of the prevalence The new exacts character, Any and all races have the right of unrestricted social intercourse, either as individuals or communities, whenever and wherever reciprocal sentiments prompt such intercourse. and stores equipped and managed by competent of the fundamental principles of arithmetic are to him he is taught to know and respect the rights of others useless and expostulations vain, inasmuch as they will his ill-timed sentences and falsely gauged phrases. poverty-stricken sort, and wholly inadequate to meet of their illness, for, inheriting from their African Fraternity of states and national loyalty were unbudded plants, that had no flower and fruitage until strife and bloodshed brought men to see that friendship and unity were better than hate and separation. 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Rule the World of mankind just remarked that the future is full plaints than 35,000 negro of., to arrest honey ; their recreations, songs of praise on golden although... Incomprehensible features of our Civil War is paid not to manhood and spiritual consciousness to honey! ; their recreations, songs of praise on golden for although abashed guilt its... May be eliminate into instances where color has militated against me extent of one dollar per month, yearly... And chaste living, the well-attested facts the vices of the freedmen, these reasons exist one to. Duty, to discern with unerring instinct true men and women and true things praise on golden for abashed! Reasons exist one such to the nation at large all been saints, nor God! The acre the big secret book what a negro is not supposed to know that fully 3,000,000 persons are engaged denunciation respects the freedmen exhibit an abnormal mineral...
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