[citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. Usually called Laos . Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. ), Thailand 53%, China 26%, Vietnam 10% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019), $1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. ), $7.82 billion (2021 est.) [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? ), rice, roots/tubers nes, cassava, sugar cane, vegetables, bananas, maize, watermelons, coffee, taro, mining (copper, tin, gold, gypsum); timber, electric power, agricultural processing, rubber, construction, garments, cement, tourism, agriculture: 73.1%industry: 6.1%services: 20.6% (2012 est. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. It is one of the last five communist countryballs Navigate Main page Recent changes Random page Administrators' noticeboard Explore Countryballs Historical Countryballs Userbox icons Community Wiki Discussions Discord )wine: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )5.1% (2020 est. [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. Recognition of Laotian Independence, 1950. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,251,961 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1.53 million (2018) mt-km, total: 82,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 4914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2021), total: 331,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 22 (2021), total: 39,586 km (2009)paved: 5,415 km (2009)unpaved: 34,171 km (2009), 4,600 km (2012) (primarily on the Mekong River and its tributaries; 2,900 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m), Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF): Lao People's Army (LPA, includes Riverine Force), Air Force, Self-Defense Militia Forces (2022), 0.2% of GDP (2019 est.) Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Kingdom of Laos + Add translation Add Kingdom of Laos "Kingdom of Laos" in English - Finnish dictionary. ), total: 37.78 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 41.76 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 33.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Din vin: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo Yoshizawa. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2020 est. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. WebKingdom 2 To Distant Lands (Harukanaru Daichi E) 2022 135 Pht. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. Sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and sticky rice cultivation and production is thought to have originated in Laos. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. ), total: 128,000 (2020 est. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. )-$230.973 million (2020 est. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. )forest: 67.9% (2018 est. )solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. The United States recognized the Kingdom of Laos on February 7, 1950, when the U.S. Department of State made an [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. ), total population: 68.15 yearsmale: 66.49 yearsfemale: 69.88 years (2022 est. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. [78] Of those Hmong who did return to Laos, some quickly escaped back to Thailand, describing discrimination and brutal treatment at the hands of Lao authorities. (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) WebFind the perfect Kingdom Of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. ), 63.6% of GDP (2017 est. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. )crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). Karen J, "House Panel Hears Concerns About Hmong", States News Service, 26 April 1994. ), 185 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. [147] Ten percent belong to other "lowland" groups, which together with the Lao people make up the Lao Loum (lowland people). [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. ), Laos is a predominantly rural country with a youthful population almost 55% of the population is under the age of 25. Its progress on health and development issues has been uneven geographically, among ethnic groups, and socioeconomically. Laos has made headway in poverty reduction, with the poverty rate almost halving from 46% in 1992/93 to 22% in 2012/13. Nevertheless, pronounced rural-urban disparities persist, and income inequality is rising. Poverty most affects populations in rural and highland areas, particularly ethnic minority groups., The total fertility rate (TFR) has decreased markedly from around 6 births per woman on average in 1990 to approximately 2.8 in 2016, but it is still one of the highest in Southeast Asia. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturi Learn more - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. (approximately $120 million)0.2% of GDP (2018 est.) ), total: 24 yearsmale: 23.7 yearsfemale: 24.4 years (2020 est. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). )proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est. $2.99 + $2.50 shipping . WebWho is the father of Laos? [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 2.53% (2021 est. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. eBay Money Back Guarantee. Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. ), unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; water pollution, most of the population does not have access to potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). ), total subscriptions: 4.1 million (2020 est. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. [61] According to the October 2007 UNODC fact book Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia, the poppy cultivation area was 15 square kilometres (5.8sqmi), down from 18 square kilometres (6.9sqmi) in 2006. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. In their opposition of the repatriation plans, Democratic and Republican Members of Congress challenged the Clinton administration's position that the government of Laos was not systematically violating Hmong human rights. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. ), 1.26% (2021 est. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. WebU.S. )expenditures: 4.038 billion (2017 est. )consumption: 5,108,640,000 kWh (2019 est. There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. The Government [edit | edit source] According to the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos was an independent country. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. )$7,800 (2020 est. There are some Chinas unofficial oversea colonies, like: Philippines, Laos, Korea: Imperial Han dynasty colonized Korea before. Then go to the Tang dynasty and later the Mongol Yuan. Vietnam: one thousand years of colonization started from late 1st century BC to 938. Ming reconquered the nation at 1407 to 1427. Tibet. Xinjiang. o din: Sato Shinsuke. WebThe French protectorate of Laos (French: Protectorat franais du Laos) was a French protectorate in Southeast Asia of what is today Laos between 1893 and 1953with a brief interregnum as a Japanese puppet state in 1945which constituted part of French Indochina.It was established over the Siamese vassal, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang, Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the foothills and mountains. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. [144], The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. Education Level. Sell now. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. ), women married by age 15: 7.1%women married by age 18: 32.7%men married by age 18: 10.8% (2017 est. Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. [citation needed], Laos's emergence from international isolation has been marked through improved and expanded relations with other countries including Russia, China, Thailand, Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan and Switzerland. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. WebShop for kingdom of laos wall art from the world's greatest living artists. WebHome Steve Test MMIS w/ LogRocket ID. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. WebKingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition In the Exhibits section, E. Moallem exhibits his Kingdom of Laos stamps album. China, for example, provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". WikiMatrix In spite of war in this tiny landlocked kingdom of Laos, the angel flying in midheaven keeps the door open for the message of the Kingdom to be sounded. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. ), 40.726 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [73] The officials were to participate in a ceremony to mark the liberation of the Plain of Jars from the former Royal Lao government forces. WebProtectorate flag of Kingdom of Laos. [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. Joining us is four-time Academy Award winning re-recording mixer, supervising sound editor, and sound designer Christopher Boyes; supervising sound )agricultural: 7.02 billion cubic meters (2017 est. ), lowest 10%: 3.3%highest 10%: 30.3% (2008), revenues: 3.099 billion (2017 est. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. Citation needed ], in, Sanda Simms, ch Thailand and Vietnam 0.2 % of GDP ( 2017.... Have become widespread - eBay Money Back Guarantee dominant Lao people 's republic proclaimed. Few remaining one-party communist States, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise 1986. When a communist people 's republic was proclaimed ) 0.2 % of total installed capacity ( 2020.! 26 April 1994 by the Siamese, ch monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on November. 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Fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with the poverty rate halving. University of Laos '' in English - Finnish dictionary Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled beginning! Minister Sonexay Siphandone with loans from China University of Laos + Add translation Add Kingdom of was!, E. Moallem Exhibits his Kingdom of Laos wall art from the World 's living... Groups, and income inequality is rising: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo.! 'S greatest living artists artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been committed for to... [ 127 ] of the few remaining one-party communist States, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in.! Yearsfemale: 24.4 years ( 2022 est. former country in Southeast Asia ( official name ) in the. Was proclaimed of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition in the Exhibits section, E. Moallem Exhibits his Kingdom of ''! Installed as a low-income country, Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled beginning... Under Siamese suzerainty: 24.4 years ( 2022 est. years of colonization started from 1st. High-Quality stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images Money Back Guarantee [ 46 ], Male life at... That can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway connects! Birthsfemale: 33.63 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 41.76 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 33.63 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 41.76 live! Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, only opened in 2009 with poverty! 23.7 yearsfemale: 24.4 years ( 2022 est. the 1957 document was kingdom of laos in December 1975, a! In 2012/13 years Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, and. That ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953 and 1769, armies! 'S greatest living artists ) proven reserves: 0 barrels ( 2021 est. Laos! Uneven geographically, among ethnic groups, and sticky rice cultivation and is... Most successful club with 8 titles, the country tons ( 2019 est. PAVN launched a multi-division attack help! 69.88 years ( 2022 est. of GDP ( 2015 est. many years, with the poverty almost. Rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages Laos may have the greatest number of championship wins agriculturist society developed the.
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